在高并发下,需要对应用进行读写分离,配置多数据源,即写操作走主库,读操作则走从库,主从数据库负责各自的读和写,缓解了锁的争用,提高了读取性能。
实现读写分离有多种方式,如使用中间件MyCat、Sharding-JDBC等,这里我们使用Aop 的方式在代码层面实现读写分离。
实现原理 实现读写分离,首先要对Mysql做主从复制,即搭建一个主数据库,以及一个或多个从数据库。
具体实现主从复制,可参照《基于docker实现MySQL主从复制》
使用Aop的方式,当调用业务层方法前,判断请求是否是只读操作,动态切换数据源,如果是只读操作,则切换从数据库的数据源,否则使用主数据库的数据源。
系统架构 :rocket: 项目仓库:KimTou/Open-LetFit: LetFit小程序后台开源版
这是我之前写的一个项目,具体代码可以在可以在上面我的GitHub仓库中找到,项目就是使用了本文章介绍的读写分离方式,感兴趣的同学可以作为参考。
代码实现 在application.yml配置MySQL 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 spring: datasource: type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource master: username: root password: 123456 url: jdbc:mysql://服务器ip:3306/letfit?useSSL=false&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8&serverTimezone=GMT driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver slave: username: root password: 123456 url: jdbc:mysql://服务器ip:3307/letfit?useSSL=false&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8&serverTimezone=GMT driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver druid: initialSize: 5 minIdle: 5 maxActive: 20 maxWait: 60000 timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis: 60000 minEvictableIdleTimeMillis: 300000 validationQuery: SELECT 1 FROM DUAL testWhileIdle: true testOnBorrow: false testOnReturn: false poolPreparedStatements: true filters: stat,wall maxPoolPreparedStatementPerConnectionSize: 20 useGlobalDataSourceStat: true connectionProperties: druid.stat.mergeSql=true;druid.stat.slowSqlMillis=500
创建 ReadOnly
注解 在业务层的方法上使用该注解,使用 ReadOnly
注解的方法只处理读操作,会切换到从机的数据源
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 package com.letfit.aop.annotation;@Target({ElementType.METHOD, ElementType.TYPE}) @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME) public @interface ReadOnly {}
创建枚举类 定义两个枚举类型 MASTER
、slave
分别代表数据库类型
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 package com.letfit.common;public enum DBTypeEnum { MASTER, SLAVE; }
编写动态切换数据源的工具类 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 package com.letfit.util;@Slf4j public class DynamicDbUtil { private static final ThreadLocal<DBTypeEnum> CONTEXT_HAND = new ThreadLocal<>(); public static void set (DBTypeEnum dbTypeEnum) { CONTEXT_HAND.set(dbTypeEnum); log.info("切换数据源:{}" , dbTypeEnum); } public static void master () { set(DBTypeEnum.MASTER); } public static void slave () { set(DBTypeEnum.SLAVE); } public static void remove () { CONTEXT_HAND.remove(); } public static DBTypeEnum get () { return CONTEXT_HAND.get(); } }
编写 AbstractRoutingDataSource
的实现类
Spring boot提供了AbstractRoutingDataSource 根据用户定义的规则选择当前的数据源,这样我们可以在执行查询之前,设置使用的数据源。实现可动态路由的数据源,在每次数据库查询操作前执行。它的抽象方法 determineCurrentLookupKey() 决定使用哪个数据源。
AbstractRoutingDataSource 的部分源码如下
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 public abstract class AbstractRoutingDataSource extends AbstractDataSource implements InitializingBean { @Nullable private Map<Object, Object> targetDataSources; @Nullable private Object defaultTargetDataSource; @Nullable private Map<Object, DataSource> resolvedDataSources; @Nullable private DataSource resolvedDefaultDataSource; public AbstractRoutingDataSource () { } public void setTargetDataSources (Map<Object, Object> targetDataSources) { this .targetDataSources = targetDataSources; } public void setDefaultTargetDataSource (Object defaultTargetDataSource) { this .defaultTargetDataSource = defaultTargetDataSource; } protected DataSource determineTargetDataSource () { Assert.notNull(this .resolvedDataSources, "DataSource router not initialized" ); Object lookupKey = this .determineCurrentLookupKey(); DataSource dataSource = (DataSource)this .resolvedDataSources.get(lookupKey); if (dataSource == null && (this .lenientFallback || lookupKey == null )) { dataSource = this .resolvedDefaultDataSource; } if (dataSource == null ) { throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot determine target DataSource for lookup key [" + lookupKey + "]" ); } else { return dataSource; } } @Nullable protected abstract Object determineCurrentLookupKey () ; }
编写 DynamicDataSource
继承 AbstractRoutingDataSource
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 package com.letfit.common;public class DynamicDataSource extends AbstractRoutingDataSource { @Override protected Object determineCurrentLookupKey () { return DynamicDbUtil.get(); } }
流程步骤:
1、重写数据源选择策略determineCurrentLookupKey()。
2、数据源配置类将数据源存放在AbstractRoutingDataSource的 targetDataSources和defaultTargetDataSource中,然后通过afterPropertiesSet()方法将数据源分别进行复制到resolvedDataSources和resolvedDefaultDataSource中。
3、进行数据库连接时,调用AbstractRoutingDataSource的getConnection()的方法,此时会先调用determineTargetDataSource()方法返回DataSource再进行getConnection()。
编写多数据源配置类 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 package com.letfit.config;import com.alibaba.druid.spring.boot.autoconfigure.DruidDataSourceBuilder;import com.letfit.common.DBTypeEnum;import com.letfit.common.DynamicDataSource;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Primary;import javax.sql.DataSource;import java.util.HashMap;import java.util.Map;@Configuration public class DataSourceConfig { @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.datasource.master") @Primary @Bean public DataSource masterDataSource () { return DruidDataSourceBuilder.create().build(); } @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.datasource.slave") @Bean public DataSource slaveDataSource () { return DruidDataSourceBuilder.create().build(); } @Bean public DataSource targetDataSource (@Qualifier("masterDataSource") DataSource masterDataSource, @Qualifier("slaveDataSource") DataSource slaveDataSource) { Map<Object,Object> targetDataSource = new HashMap<>(2 ); targetDataSource.put(DBTypeEnum.MASTER, masterDataSource); targetDataSource.put(DBTypeEnum.SLAVE, slaveDataSource); DynamicDataSource dynamicDataSource = new DynamicDataSource(); dynamicDataSource.setTargetDataSources(targetDataSource); dynamicDataSource.setDefaultTargetDataSource(masterDataSource); return dynamicDataSource; } }
配置Mybatis 当我们只有一个数据源时,SpringBoot会默认配置Mybatis,现在我们有多个数据源,就需要手动配置Mybatis的SqlSessionFactory
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 package com.letfit.config;import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory;import org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean;import org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionTemplate;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;import org.springframework.core.io.support.PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver;import org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager;import org.springframework.transaction.PlatformTransactionManager;import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.EnableTransactionManagement;import javax.annotation.Resource;import javax.sql.DataSource;import java.util.Objects;@Configuration @EnableTransactionManagement public class MybatisConfig { @Resource(name = "targetDataSource") private DataSource dataSource; public SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory () throws Exception { SqlSessionFactoryBean factoryBean = new SqlSessionFactoryBean(); factoryBean.setDataSource(dataSource); factoryBean.setMapperLocations(new PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver().getResources("classpath:mapper/*.xml" )); factoryBean.setTypeAliasesPackage("com.letfit.pojo" ); Objects.requireNonNull(factoryBean.getObject()).getConfiguration().setMapUnderscoreToCamelCase(true ); return factoryBean.getObject(); } @Bean public PlatformTransactionManager transactionManager () { return new DataSourceTransactionManager(dataSource); } @Bean public SqlSessionTemplate sqlSessionTemplate (@Qualifier("sqlSessionFactory") SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory) { return new SqlSessionTemplate(sqlSessionFactory); } }
配置Aop 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 package com.letfit.aop;@Component @Aspect @Slf4j public class DataSourceAop { @Pointcut("@annotation(com.letfit.aop.annotation.ReadOnly)") public void readPointcut () {} @Before("readPointcut()") public void readAdvise () { log.info("切换数据源为从数据库" ); DynamicDbUtil.slave(); } }
业务层方法上使用 ReadOnly
注解 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 @ReadOnly @Override public ResultInfo<List<Source>> searchSource(String title) { if (!ValiDateUtil.isLegalString(title)){ return ResultInfo.error(CodeEnum.PARAM_NOT_IDEAL, null ); } List<Source> sourceList = sourceMapper.searchSource(title); return ResultInfo.success(CodeEnum.SUCCESS, sourceList); }